Upcoming Special Events

Nov 2-Nov 6, 1700Z-1700Z, Whitefish Point, MI. Stu Rockafellow Amateur Radio Society, K8F and N8F. Remembering the Edmund Fitzgerald. 21.360 14.260 7.260 3.860. Certificate. Richard Barker, 264 N East St, Brighton, MI 48116. www.qsl.net/w8njh.

Nov 3-Nov 5, 1430Z-2000Z, Split Rock, MN. Stillwater Amateur Radio Association, WØJH. Anniversary of the sinking of the Edmund Fitzgerald, from Split Rock Lighthouse (ARLHS USA 783). 21.360 14.260 7.260 3.860. Certificate. Shel Mann, NØDRX, 1618 W Pine St, Stillwater, MN 55082. www.radioham.org.

Nov 3-Nov 12, Knokke-Heist, Belgium. UBA Section ONZ, ON25CLM. Canadian Liberation March/Canadian Week. SSB and CW 80 40 20 17 15 10 2 m bands. OO4CLM Special Event, Postbox 1006, B-8300 Knokke-Heist, Belguim. www.on4clm.be.

Nov 4-Nov 5, Paris, France. Association of Radioamateurs of Paris, 4U60UO. 60th anniversary of UNESCO. all bands 1.8 MHz – 47 gHz SSTV PSK hamDRM. QSL and certificate. Laurent Beugnet, F6GOX. arp75.free.fr.

Nov 4-Nov 5, 1500Z-2000Z, Melbourne, FL. Titusville Amateur Radio Club, W4V. Operation StandUp, helping returning veterans of all conflicts. 28.333 21.350 14.250 7.250. Certificate. W4V, c/o Robert Osband, N4SCY, PO Box 6841, Titusville, FL 32782. operationstandup.org/w4v.

Nov 4-Nov 5, 1600Z-0300Z, Detroit, MI. Livonia Amateur Radio Club, W8F. Dossin Museum, commemorating the loss of the Edmund Fitzgerald. 21.372 14.272 7.272 145.72. Certificate. Livonia Amateur Radio Club/Special Event, PO Box 51532, Livonia, MI 48151-5532. www.larc.mi.org/.

Nov 4-Nov 19, 0000Z-2400Z, Pittsburgh, PA. Panther Amateur Radio Club, K3F. Fessenden First Voice Transmission. 21.260 14.260 7.260 3.920 . QSL. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Panther Amateur Radio Club, 348 Benedum Hall/University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261. www.pitt.edu/~sorc/parc.

Nov 5, 1400Z-2100Z, Rocky Point, NY. Radio Central Amateur Radio Club, W2RC. Radio Central 85th anniversary of the first transatlantic wireless transmission from RCA’s Radio Central transmitter site. 14.270 14.050 7.270 7.050. Certificate. Radio Central ARC, PO Box 396, Centereach, NY 11720. www.rcarc.org.

425

Here’s my current roll up for DXCC – just need to get those QSL cards! I have 53 confirmed so far.


CALLSIGN DATE BAND MODE DXCC CNFRMD
OH0X 10/28/2006 20 SSB Aland Is.  
7X2LS 12/11/2005 20 PSK31 Algeria  
VP2EBR 12/16/2005 20 PSK31 Anguilla  
V26B 10/29/2006 15 SSB Antigua &
Barbuda
 
LW9EOC 10/15/2006 15 SSB Argentina  
P40W 10/28/2006 15 SSB Aruba  
VK4CZ 10/29/2006 20 SSB Australia  
OE1DWC 2/7/2006 40 PSK31 Austria R
CU2/OH1VR 10/28/2006 15 SSB Azores  
EA6ADM 1/17/2006 20 PSK31 Balearic Is.  
8P2K 10/28/2006 20 SSB Barbados  
EW7EW 12/21/2005 20 PSK31 Belarus R
OO6FN 11/29/2005 20 PSK31 Belgium R
V31LL 10/17/2006 17 SSB Belize  
VP9LN 8/20/2006 20 SSB Bermuda R
PJ2T 10/28/2006 80 SSB Bonaire, Curacao  
T94KC 3/23/2006 20 PSK31 Bosnia-Herzegovina R
PS7LN 12/11/2005 20 PSK31 Brazil R
VP2V/AH6HY 10/1/2006 20 SSB British Virgin
Is.
 
LZ1BJ 1/26/2006 17 PSK31 Bulgaria  
VE9DX 12/4/2005 17 PSK31 Canada R
EA8/OH2NAF 12/6/2005 20 PSK31 Canary Is. R
ZF2PP 1/9/2006 20 PSK31 Cayman Is.  
CE/VE7SV 10/17/2006 20 SSB Chile  
HK3GXI 4/30/2006 40 PSK31 Colombia R
TK5IH 2/10/2006 20 PSK31 Corsica R
TI8II 10/1/2006 15 PSK31 Costa Rica  
9A3LE 1/22/2006 20 PSK31 Croatia R
CO3JN 11/30/2005 20 PSK31 Cuba R
OK2VA 1/2/2006 17 PSK31 Czech Rep. R
OZ5ESB 8/19/2006 20 SSB Denmark  
HI3/OK2ZU 3/4/2006 20 PSK31 Dominican
Republic
R
HC1JQ 10/29/2006 20 SSB Ecuador  
YS1PY 8/20/2006 20 SSB El Salvador R
G3PGA 1/7/2006 20 PSK31 England R
ES7FQ 1/9/2006 20 PSK31 Estonia R
RW3DQC 12/9/2005 20 PSK31 European Russia R
OH3GIF 1/26/2006 20 PSK31 Finland R
F5RRS 12/1/2005 30 PSK31 France R
FY1FV 11/27/2005 20 PSK31 French Guiana R
DL5KSS 12/4/2005 17 PSK31 Germany R
SV3FUK 1/22/2006 20 PSK31 Greece R
J3/DL3VFN 1/8/2006 20 PSK Grenada R
FG5JK 10/29/2006 15 SSB Guadeloupe  
TG9SM 1/21/2006 40 PSK31 Guatemala  
8R1EA 10/29/2006 15 SSB Guyana  
KH7U 10/29/2006 15 SSB Hawaii  
HR2/LU1DY 2/7/2006 20 PSK31 Honduras R
HA7TY 1/13/2006 20 PSK31 Hungary R
TF4M 10/29/2006 20 SSB Iceland  
EI7M 10/28/2006 20 SSB Ireland  
MD4K 10/28/2006 20 SSB Isle of Man  
IV3LBP 12/8/2005 20 PSK31 Italy R
6Y1V 10/29/2006 20 SSB Jamaica  
RK2FWA 10/29/2006 20 SSB Kaliningrad  
YL2AZ 1/9/2006 20 PSK31 Latvia R
HB0/HB9AON 10/29/2006 20 SSB Liechtenstein  
LY2ZZ 10/19/2006 20 SSB Lithuania  
LX8DL 12/13/2005 20 PSK31 Luxembourg R
Z35T 10/28/2006 20 SSB Macedonia  
CT3DL 10/7/2006 15 SSB Madeira Is.  
9H1SP 1/9/2006 17 PSK31 Malta R
FM/K9NW 10/29/2006 15 SSB Martinique  
XE2YWB 1/7/2006 15 PSK31 Mexico R
ER0ND 10/28/2006 20 SSB Moldova  
VP2MHX 10/28/2006 15 SSB Montserrat  
CN3A 10/28/2006 15 SSB Morocco  
PA1FR 1/13/2006 20 PSK31 Netherlands R
ZL6QH 10/29/2006 40 SSB New Zealand  
YN2EJ 10/28/2006 20 SSB Nicaragua  
MI3JQD 10/22/2006 20 SSB Northern Ireland  
LB9JE 1/10/2006 20 PSK31 Norway R
HP1DCP 2/7/2006 20 PSK31 Panama R
ZP5MAL 10/29/2006 20 SSB Paraguay  
OA4WW 10/29/2006 15 SSB Peru  
SP4R 1/2/2006 17 PSK31 Poland R
CT1GTI 12/11/2005 20 PSK31 Portugal R
KP4SQ 12/19/2005 40 PSK31 Puerto Rico R
XF4DL 10/28/2006 15 SSB Revillagigedo  
FS/SM7DKF 5/7/2006 20 PSK31 Saint Martin R
T77GO 2/17/2006 20 PSK31 San Marino  
HI8HCJ 5/28/2006 20 SSB Santa Domingo R
IM0GNF 2/5/2006 20 PSK31 Sardinia R
GM0KWW 1/27/2006 20 PSK31 Scotland R
6W8CK 12/7/2005 20 PSK31 Senegal R
YU6AO 7/23/2006 20 SSB Serbia &
Montenegro
 
OM5DP 10/18/2006 17 SSB Slovak Rep.  
S51HA 2/8/2006 20 PSK31 Slovenia R
EA3BDE 11/28/2005 20 PSK31 Spain R
V44KJ 2/6/2006 20 PSK31 St. Kitts &
Nevis
R
PZ5RA 12/21/2005 17 PSK31 Suriname R
SM4FZW 1/13/2006 20 PSK31 Sweden R
HB9ODP 1/20/2006 20 PSK31 Switzerland R
9Y4NZ 10/29/2006 20 SSB Trinidad &
Tobago
 
VP5VAC 5/21/2005 6 SSB Turks &
Caicos Is.
R
UV5QB 1/29/2006 20 PSK31 Ukraine R
CX7BF 12/18/2005 15 PSK31 Uruguay  
K8LF 11/17/2005 80 SSB USA R
YV6QD 1/10/2006 20 PSK31 Venezuela R
WP2Z 10/28/2006 20 SSB Virgin Is.  
GW5PH 1/29/2006 20 PSK31 Wales R




Lunchtime CW QSO

Had a lunchtime CW QSO with John, KA9DVX in the 40M Novice sub-band. John was operating from Port Richey, FL with a fair about of QSB. When I’m operating CW, I turn off my computer monitors so I’m not distracted – so it wasn’t until I put John in the log that I remembered that I had had an earlier QSO with him that was cut short. John was operating a Ten Tec Omni. Ten Tec has a very distinct CW sound.

2006 ARRL November Sweepstakes Rules

1. Object: For stations in the United States and Canada (including territories and possessions) to exchange QSO information with as many other US and Canadian stations as possible on 160, 80, 40, 20, 15 and 10 meter bands.

2. Date and Contest Period:
2.1. CW: First full weekend in November (November 4-6, 2006).
2.2. Phone: Third full weekend in November (November 18-20, 2006).
2.3. Contest Period: Begins 2100 UTC Saturday, ends 0300 UTC Monday.
2.4. Operate no more than 24 of the 30 hours.
2.4.1. Off periods may not be less than 30 minutes in length.
2.4.2. Times off and on must be clearly noted in paper logs. Do not indicate off times in electronic log files. The log checking software calculates it.
2.4.3. Listening time counts as operating time.

3. Entry Categories:
3.1. Single Operator:
3.1.1. QRP.
3.1.2. Low Power.
3.1.3. High Power.
3.1.4. Unlimited—Packet assisted (no differentiated power levels)
3.2. Multioperator
3.2.1. Multi-Single only
3.2.1.1. Only 1 transmitted signal is permitted at any time.
3.2.1.2. No limitation on the number of band changes.
3.2.1.3. Spotting assistance is permissible.
3.3. School Club
3.3.1. There are three divisions to this category.
3.3.1.1. College and University
3.3.1.2. Technical School
3.3.1.3. Secondary and other School
3.3.2. School clubs compete as their own category.
3.3.3. Only currently enrolled regular students and faculty/staff of the institution are eligible to operate a school club entry. Alumni may “Elmer” but may not operate the station during the competition.
3.3.4. There is no distinction between Single and Multi operator stations or power levels in this category.
3.3.5. School clubs must operate from established stations located on the campus. No portable operation from a near-by contest station is allowed. A club may operate from a member’s station only if no on-campus station exists.
3.3.6. Certificates will be awarded to the top scoring entry in each division of this category in each ARRL/RAC section and division.

4. Exchange: The required exchange consists of:
4.1. A consecutive serial number;
4.2. Precedence;
4.2.1. “Q” for Single Op QRP (5 Watts output or less);
4.2.2. “A” for Single Op Low Power (up to 150 W output);
4.2.3. “B” for Single Op High Power (greater than 150 W output);
4.2.4. “U” for Single Op Unlimited;
4.2.5. “M” for Multi-Op;
4.2.6. “S” for School Club;
4.3. Your Callsign;
4.4. Check (the last two digits of the year you were first licensed);
4.5. ARRL/RAC Section
(Example: NU1AW would respond to W1AW’s call by sending: W1AW 123 B NU1AW 71 CT, which indicates QSO number 123, B for Single Op High Power, NU1AW, first licensed in 1971, and in the Connecticut section.)

5. Scoring:
5.1. QSO points: Count two points for each complete two-way QSO.
5.2. Multiplier: Each ARRL Section and RAC Section plus the Canadian NT (Northern Territories – encompassing VE8 / VY1 / VY0) with a maximum number of 80.
5.2.1. KP3 and KP4 are in the Puerto Rico Section.
5.2.2. KV4/KP2 and KG4 stations are in the Virgin Islands Section.
5.2.3. KH6 and other US possessions in the Pacific count as the Pacific Section.
5.3. Final score: Multiply QSO points (two per QSO) by the number of ARRL/RAC sections (plus NT VE8/VY1/VY0).

6. Miscellaneous:
6.1. Work each station only once, regardless of the frequency band.
6.2. Only one transmitted signal at any time is permitted.

7. Awards:
7.1. Certificates will be awarded to the top operator CW and Phone scores in each category (“A”, “B”, “Q”, “U”, “S” and “M”) in each ARRL/RAC section and division.
7.2. All Overall and Divisional winners will be awarded a plaque recognizing their efforts. Plaques are either sponsored by groups of clubs or by the principal awards sponsor, Icom.

8. Submission:
8.1. Deadline for submission of CW entries is Wednesday December 6, 2006 Deadline for submission of Phone entries is Wednesday December 20, 2006. Entries emailed or postmarked after the deadline may be designated checklogs.
8.1.1. The CW and Phone mode are considered separate contests and must be submitted in separate envelopes or emails sent to the appropriate address.
8.1.2. Entries must be made on current ARRL entry forms or on a reasonable facsimile. Current forms may be downloaded in .pdf or ASCII format from www.arrl.org/contests/forms
8.2. Email entries for CW must be sent to SSCW@arrl.org and Phone to SSPhone@arrl.org
8.3. Cabrillo formatted logs can be submitted by logging onto the web application at www.b4h.net/cabforms and completing the required information.
8.4. Any entry that has been created using a computer for logging must be submitted in the Cabrillo log file format.
8.4.1. Files from word processing, spreadsheet programs or “bin” type logging program files are not valid or usable.
8.4.2. Any electronic file that is not submitted in required format will not be eligible for competition and awards.
8.4.3. A paper printout for a log that has been generated by a computer in lieu of the actual data file in the required format is not an acceptable substitute.
8.4.4. Paper logs that are entered into a logging program or computer after the contest are considered electronic logs and must include the required electronic file in the submission.
8.5. Hand written paper logs are acceptable entries. Any hand written paper log of 500 or more QSOs must include the required dupe sheet.
8.6. Logs sent via the regular mail service should be addressed to: November SS CW or November SS Phone, ARRL, 225 Main St, Newington, CT 06111.

9. Other information.
9.1. See “General Rules for All ARRL Contests” and “General Rules for ARRL Contests on Bands Below 30 MHz (HF)” available at www.arrl.org/contests or from the ARRL Contest Branch.
9.2. All contest queries should be directed to contests@arrl.org or by telephone to 860-594-0232. All contest rules and entry forms may be downloaded from the Contest Branch Web Page at: www.arrl.org/contests.

Participation Pins
The ARRL is again pleased to continue its PINS (Participation In November Sweepstakes) program for 2006. Anyone who completes 100 contacts on CW or Phone during Sweepstakes is eligible to purchase one of these attractive Participation Pins. Pins are based on claimed scores. Each pin includes the year and mode and have become a popular tradition in the November Sweepstakes event. Pins cost $6, including postage and handling and will be shipped after all entries have been processed and logs verified.
To order your pins, attach a note to the front of your summary sheet indicating the number of pins ordered along with your check. If you enter electronically, send a copy of your summary sheet with a note and your check attached to Sweepstakes PINS, ARRL Contest Branch, 225 Main St, Newington, CT 06111.

Clean Sweep Mugs
Commemorate working your “clean sweep” by purchasing your 2006 November Sweepstakes mug. To earn your mug, work all 80 ARRL/RAC sections during the CW or Phone November Sweepstakes. Mug awards are based on claimed scores. The price for the keepsake mug is $12 each, (including postage and handling.) If you submit electronically, send a paper copy of the first page of your Cabrillo file and indicate how many mugs you are ordering along with your check. If you log by paper, attach a note to the top of your summary sheet indicating how many mugs you are ordering and your check. All orders should be sent to Clean Sweep Mugs, ARRL Contest Branch, 225 Main Street. Newington, CT 06111. Your mug will be shipped after all entries and mug orders have been processed and verified. Supplies are limited. We only guarantee filling orders received by the Phone Submission deadline of December 20, 2006.

My goal is to make 100 CW contacts and earn the Particpation Pin. Maybe I’ll go for the mug during the Phone event later this month.

Update

Attempted a lunch 40M CW QSO with Larry, N8LGG, but had a very hard time hearing him. Was able to get his name and QTH (Oakpark, IL) and that was about it.

Followed up with a QSO with the HG1956R special event station from Hungary. He a great signal and gave me a nice 59 report. I remember reading about this special event station somewhere. I’m looking forward to the QSL card.

Just A Radio Operator

Copyright © 2006 Robert Alexander Wallace W1MQV / W1HH

Oh, I’m winning the war with a telegraph key,
Thought I as I finished a “stack”.
I hope this is not all the action I see
Just wearing my pants out in back.
I idly shuffle the blanks in my hand
And glance at the five letter groups.
I think of my brother in far foreign land
Fighting up front with the troops.
I check with my watch – where the heck’s my R.J.?
I’m getting as hungry as sin.
An eight hour trick is enough for the day,
And I’m practically deaf from the din.
The “trick chief” gets up from the teletype chair
And says that he has one for me.
“Get your key oiled up, get that rig on the air,
Here’s a honey – a long one O.P.”
My relief gets a curse on his unknowing head
For his tardiness costs me my chow.
And this is a hell of a time for a sked,
The net’s QJZ about now.
But I slip on the cans and I rattle the key
And the rig is again on the air.
I give with the dits and the dahs just to see
If the station I’m calling is there.
A couple of calls and he sends “QRU?”
So I tell him I have an “O.P.”
He sends me a “K” and I start a tattoo –
Pounding brass on my telegraph key!
I pass the first fifty, then wait for an sec,
While he starts the next block on the sheet.
I’ve found if you don’t make an op break his neck
You get fewer requests to repeat.
A hundred, and fifty, and then fifty more.
She’s long, I’ve a thousand to go.
My head’s getting tired, my wrist’s getting sore.
Can’t use “bug” for this guy is too slow.
I’m passing a thousand, my fist is near beat,
Do I want an R.J. from T.C.?
Not a chance, Chief, you know once my sign’s on the sheet
No one’s sending that message but me.
We finally clear and I send him “AR”
And get one from him with his “ack”.
The look that I give my relief leaves a scar
As I grab for my hat on the rack.

Later:

I read how a shipment of arms saved a corps
Because it arrived there in time.
The corps that it saved was my brother’s. What’s more,
The message that sent it was mine!
Oh, I’m fighting the war with a telegraph key
But as long as they want me I’ll stay.
It may not be combat but now I can see
How a message can help save the day.
_______________________________________________

The above was written just after the “Battle of the Bulge” in 1944.

Glossary: Ack = acknowledgement
AR = End of transmission
Bug = semiautomatic telegraph key
O.P. = Operational Priority
K = Invitation to transmit
R.J. = relief operator
QJZ = on stand by
QRU = Have you traffic for me?
T.C. = trick chief

[From eHam: http://www.eham.net/articles/15064]

CQ WW DX Contest Wrap Up

I now have the contacts for DXCC, time to get the QSL cards. My focus during the CQ WW DX Contest was to work those DXCC entities that I had not yet worked. Here’s the results:

67 logged QSOs





DXCC
Entity
Callsign Band
Aland Is. OH0X 20
Antigua &
Barbuda
V26B 15
Argentina LR2F 15
Argentina LT1F 20
Aruba P40W 15
Aruba P40A 20
Australia VK4CZ 20
Azores CU2/OH1VR 15
Azores CU2A 20
Azores CU2DX 80
Barbados 8P2K 20
Bonaire,
Curacao
PJ2T 10
Bonaire,
Curacao
PJ2T 15
Bonaire,
Curacao
PJ2T 20
Bonaire,
Curacao
PJ4E 40
Bonaire,
Curacao
PJ2T 80
Brazil PY2YU 10
Brazil PP5NW 20
Canada VE7SV 10
Canary Is. EA8AH 15
Dominican
Republic
HI3TEJ 20
Ecuador HC1JQ 20
Finland OH8A 20
Grenada J3A 15
Grenada J3A 20
Guadeloupe FG5JK 15
Guyana 8R1EA 15
Hawaii KH7U 15
Hawaii NH6JC 15
Honduras HQ9R 15
Iceland TF4M 20
Ireland EI7M 20
Ireland EI7M 20
Isle of Man MD4K 20
Jamaica 6Y1V 15
Jamaica 6Y1V 20
Kaliningrad RK2FWA 20
Liechtenstein HB0/HB9AON 20
Macedonia Z35T 20
Madeira Is. CT9L 20
Madeira Is. CQ9T 20
Madeira Is. CT3YA 80
Madeira Is. CQ9T 80
Martinique FM/K9NW 15
Moldova ER0ND 20
Montserrat VP2MHX 15
Montserrat VP2MDY 15
Morocco CN3A 15
Morocco CN2ZR 20
Morocco CN2R 80
New Zealand ZL6QH 40
Nicaragua YN2EJ 20
Paraguay ZP5MAL 20
Peru OA4WW 15
Portugal CS2P 40
Revillagigedo XF4DL 15
Revillagigedo XF4DL 15
Scotland GM2T 20
Trinidad
& Tobago
9Y4NZ 20
Turks &
Caicos Is.
VP5DX 20
Turks &
Caicos Is.
VP5T 20
Uruguay CX5BW 15
USA WD8RTW 30
Venezuela YV4A 20
Virgin Is. NP2KW 15
Virgin Is. WP2Z 20
Virgin Is. NP2B 80
Wales GW4BLE 40

Highlights include QSOs with Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, and Morocco.

Also plenty of contacts with places that I previously had no idea where they where: Aland Island, Guadeloupe, Madeira Island, Martinique, Montserrat, and Revillagigedo.

CQ Worldwide DX Contest, SSB

Call: AD7MI
Operator(s): AD7MI
Station: AD7MI

Class: SOAB LP
QTH: Hampton, VA
Operating Time (hrs): 8

Summary:
Band QSOs Zones Countries
——————————
160: 0 0 0
80: 6 4 5
40: 4 4 4
20: 31 13 29
15: 21 10 19
10: 3 2 3
——————————
Total: 65 33 60 Total Score = 6,031

… From The Shack

2006 CQ WW DX Contest: It has been a learning experience so far. Much more intense than Field Day. It seems as if the bands are jam packed – nothing but “CQ Contest” from 80M to 10M. I started last night a had contacts mostly on 80M, but also a few on 40M – mainly South America and the Caribbean. Today contacts are about even between 15M and 20M… more Caribbean island stations, Africa, and Europe. Not much heard from the Pacific. I did hear a KH6 station on 15M buried in noise.

When I wasn’t on the radio I was finishing the QSL cards from the W4M special event station. I now consider my QSLing activities for W4M complete.

I’ve also been cleaning up my log. As of right now, I’ve logged 1069 QSOs since I upgraded to General in Nov 2005. Of those, 102 are CW QSOs (the first was back in DEC 2005). I need to go back and look up FISTS information and see if I’m close to their basic award. I’ve contacted a total of 86 DXCC entities – maybe I’ll be able to get 14 more during the remainder of the contest. The total towards the Worked All States award is 47. I’m missing Hawaii, Alaska, and Wyoming. I’m also probably close to the basic award for Worked All US Counties. The basic award is for 500 counties, I think.

Best news this weekend – I got the ICOM CT-17 working!. It’s quite slick, I can now click on a DX cluster spot in my logging program and my IC-706MKIIG automatically flips to that frequency. Or, if I’m hunting and pouncing, the log will automatically grab the freq and mode from the radio and place it in the log. I wish I had done this earlier.

I also had a short 30M QSO with Bill, WD8RTW over in WV. The QSO was going well, but then he disappeared. He came back briefly but we ended the QSO.